中南药学

目的 探究不同品种天麻不同部位的化学成分差异。方法 采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定红天麻、绿天麻、乌天麻不同部位(种子、蒴果壳、茎秆、箭芽端、中端、肚脐端)中的指标成分天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷E、原儿茶醛、对羟基苯甲酸、咖啡酸、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷C、巴利森苷的含量。运用层次聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)方法区分不同天麻样品，明确其差异成分。结果 不同品种、不同部位天麻间的化学成分含量存在一定差异。HCA和PCA结果显示，3种天麻的种子、茎秆和蒴果壳部位的化学成分均较为相似，且种子和茎秆与其他部位区分明显。OPLS-DA筛选出对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、咖啡酸、天麻素、对羟基苯甲酸为红天麻、绿天麻、乌天麻不同部位样品间的质量差异标志物。除药用部位外，天麻的地上部茎秆、蒴果壳及种子中也含有丰富的酚类等化合物。结论 建立的多元统计分析方法能表征不同品种天麻不同部位化学成分的差异和分布特征。天麻的茎秆和蒴果也有开发作为药用部位的潜力，建议在以天麻块茎为药用部位的同时，可加强其地上部位的开发利用。

Objective To determine the differences in chemical components in different parts of Gastrodia elata.Methods The content of gastrodin,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,parishin E,protocatechuic aldehyde,p-hydroxybenzoic acid,caffeic acid,p-hydroxybenzaldehyde,parishin B,parishin C and parishin in different parts (seed,capsule shell,stem,arrow bud end,middle end and navel end) of red Gastrodia elata,green Gastrodia elata and black Gastrodia elata was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA),principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to differentiate Gastrodia elata samples and components.Results There were certain differences in the chemical components among different varieties and parts of Gastrodia elata.HCA and PCA showed relatively similar chemical components of the seeds,stems and capsule shells in three kinds of Gastrodia elata;the seeds and stems were obviously distinguished from other parts.OPLS-DA screened p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,p-hydroxybenzaldehyde,caffeic acid,gastrodin,and p-hydroxybenzoic acid as quality difference markers among different parts of three types of Gastrodia elata.In addition to the medicinal parts,the above-ground stems,capsule shells and seeds of Gastrodia elata also contained abundant phenols and other compounds.Conclusion The multivariate statistical analysis can fairly characterize the differences and distribution characteristics of the chemical components in different parts of different varieties of Gastrodia elata.Its stems and capsules are also possible medicinal parts.Besides its above-ground parts may also be developed.