中南药学

目的 探究不同种质天麻引种至陕西省略阳县后的形态特征与药效成分的差异及其相关性。方法 测定不同天麻的花茎高度与直径、花序轴长、果实长度与宽度、果实长宽比等植株形态特征，测定果实鲜重，统计果实数量；采用HPLC法测定天麻块茎中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇和巴利森苷C的含量，评价不同指标之间的相关性。结果 不同种质天麻的花、果实相关形态指标存在显著差异：陕西略阳绿天麻的花茎直径显著高于其他8个地区的3个天麻种质、云南彝良绿天麻的花序轴长度显著高于其他8个地区的3个天麻种质、陕西略阳红天麻的果实鲜重显著高于其他8个地区的3个天麻种质（P<0.05）；不同种质天麻花茎高度与除果实长宽比之外的其他6个形态指标均呈显著正相关（P<0.001），不同天麻果实长度与果实宽度、果实长宽比、果实鲜重均存在显著正相关（P<0.001）。不同种质天麻的药效成分含量水平存在明显差异：天麻素含量以湖北五峰红天麻为最高，对羟基苯甲醇含量以陕西略阳红天麻最高，巴利森苷C含量以湖北夷陵红天麻最高；湖北五峰红天麻3种药效成分总和最高可达6.024mg/g。相关性分析表明，天麻素含量分别与巴利森苷C、天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇含量之和呈显著正相关（P<0.001）。结论 处于同一生长环境中的不同天麻种质植株形态特征与药效成分含量均存在较大差异，天麻花茎高度和果实长度分别与多个形态指标呈极显著正相关，湖北五峰红天麻的药效成分含量最高。掌握不同种质天麻形态特征与药效成分的差异性和各指标之间的相关性，可为今后开展天麻的定向育种提供一定的理论依据。

Objective To determine the difference and correlation of morphological characteristics and active ingredients of diverse Gastrodia elata(G. elata) germplasms transplanted to Lueyang, Shaanxi. Methods The morphological characteristics such as flower stalk height and diameter, rachis length, fruit length and width, and fruit length-width ratio were determined; the fresh weight and numbers of fruits were counted; the contents of gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and parishin C in the G. elata tubers were determined by HPLC. Meanwhile, the correlation among different indicators was evaluated. Results Statistical differences were observed among diverse G. elata germplasms based on the morphological indicators of flower and fruit. The flower stalk diameter of G. elata f. viridis from Lueyang, Shaanxi, the rachis length of G. elata f. viridis from Yiliang, Yunnan, and the fresh fruit weight of G. elata from Lueyang, Shaanxi were higher than those of the other three germplasms from eight regions(P < 0.05). The flower stalk height of different germplasms showed extremely positive correlations(P < 0.001) with six other morphological indices except the fruit length-width ratio. The fruit length of diverse G. elata was positively correlated(P < 0.001) with the fruit width, fruit length-width ratio, and the fresh fruit weight. The contents of active ingredients among the G. elata germplasms were obviously different. The highest content of gastrodin was found in G. elata from Wufeng, Hubei; the highest content of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was found in G. elata from Lueyang, Shaanxi; and the highest content of parishin C was found in G. elata from Yiling, Hubei. The germplasm of G. elata from Wufeng, Hubei exhibited the highest total content of the three active components, reaching 6.024 mg/g. Correlation analysis showed that gastrodin content was positively correlated with the parishin C, and gastrodin coupled with p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol contents(P < 0.001). Conclusion Significant differences in both morphological characteristics and active component contents were observed among different G. elata germplasms cultivated under identical environmental conditions. The flower stalk height and fruit length of the different G. elata are positively correlated with multiple morphological traits. The G. elata from Wufeng, Hubei demonstrates the highest content of active ingredients. Understanding the differences of morphological characteristics and active components among G. elata germplasms, as well as the correlations between these variables, which can provide a theoretical basis for the directional breeding programs of G. elata in the future.